Shiur Brochos 12a (2) Menachem Av 20, 5786 – 08/05/2026

BSD

Brochos  12a (2)

Menachem Av 20, 5786.  08/05/2026

Brief notes

1- We engaged in a new topic that is discussed at length in the ראשונים and אחרונים.

The issue here is a ברכה with an error. Say one is holding a cup thinking it’s full of wine and begins the ברכה – saying ברוך אתה ה’ אלוקינו, with the intent of finishing this ברכה  with בורא פרי הגפן. However, prior to finishing this ברכה, he realizes that the cup is filled with beer and finishes with שהכל נהי’ בדברו!

What does one do? Drink the beer or not?

Our גמרא explains this question: What part of the ברכה is considered ‘primary’ – עיקר? The beginning or the end?

If the עיקר is the beginning, since it contains ה’s name, then this ברכה was a ‘wine ברכה’, and not proper for the beer. Thus, he cannot drink the beer.

If the end of the ברכה is the עיקר, then his ברכה is a proper שהכל and… לחיים!

Another, more common example is by ספירת העומר. One says the ברכה thinking it’s the 23rd day and before he finishes, he realizes it’s the 24th. 

Story of the four ראשי ישיבות attending a חופה each one expecting to be called up for the ‘most important ברכה‘. So, the first one gets סידור קידושין, the other 3 are anxious and nervous. The second one gets reading the כתובה. The third one gets the last ברכה. 

What did the fourth one get? ….

2- We discussed that this query remains unanswered/unresolved in the גמרא which resulted in a מחלוקת among the ראשונים as to what the הלכה is.

Before we continue we need to emphasize that the שלחן ערוך rules that it is a proper ברכה and he may drink the beer.  See here. OC 209 1. This follows the ruling of the Rif.

3 – However, Tosfos quotes the R”I that rules that one is not יוצא. And that means that he needs to make another new ברכה of שהכל before drinking the beer. .

The obvious question is how this jives with the universal rule the ספק ברכות להקל. Since all ברכות are מדרבנן, when we have a doubts – ספק, we do not recite the ברכה. Just as we do not say a ברכה on the Sukkah on שמיני עצרת. [There is more to this IYH].

4 – We read the רבי עקיבא איגר in the גליון הש”ס  that discusses this issue. First he quotes the מגן אברהם that asks this question on the R”I.

He then brings the מהרש”א that establishes an interesting rule. (albeit, not accepted by all).

The idea of ספק ברכות להקל applies only to ברכת המצות. For example, if someone is unsure if he made the ברכה of להניח תפילין. He does not have to repeat the ברכה since ספק ברכות להקל and the מצווה is done. Actually, even if he never said the ברכה he is יוצא the מצווה of תפילין regardless. ברכות אינן מעכבות.

However, when we encounter a ברכת הנהנין, like בורא מיני מזונות , the ברכה is ‘asking permission’ from הקב”ה to eat it. So if he is in doubt if he made the ברכה, or if he made the proper ברכה, he cannot eat it!

A new  ברכה must be made for him to eat it. So there is no חשש ברכה לבטלה, since it’s not לבטלה at all – it’s for the purpose of eating. Otherwise he cannot eat it.

גליון הש”ס ברכות יב, א.

תוס׳ ד״ה לא כו׳ לחומרא כו׳ ולא שייך הכא לומר ספק ברכות לקולא [ובמג״א סימן ר״ט ס״ק ג׳ הקשה כן] דכבר כתב הרש״א בפסחים קב ע״א בפי׳ רשב״ם ד״ה להודיעך כחו. דל״ש כן אלא בברכת המצות דהברכות אינן מעכבות. אבל בברכת הנהנין אסור לאכול בלא ברכה ע״ש. ולא הוי כאן חשש ברכה לבטלה. דאם לא יברך יהא אסור לו לשתות. אח״ז ראיתי באבן העוזר (סימן רי״ד) שכ״כ מסברא דנפשיה ולא הביא דברי הרש״א. ועי׳ מ״ש לקמן (מ״ט ע״ב) בתוס׳ ד״ה ר״מ:

5 – We mentioned the פני יהושע who offers another explanation to the question above #3.

The general accepted rule is that מצוות אינן צריכות כוונות. So what is the issue, says the פני יהושע if when one began he thought it was wine? Why to we take his כוונה into consideration?

Briefly, he suggests that מצוות אינן צריכות כוונות is fine as long as he didn’t have an opposite כוונה. Like not to be יוצא.

In our case, his thinking that it was wine, negates the ברכה on beer! He is מתכוון not to make this ברכה.

There is a long תשובה from the צמח צדק on this topic. שו״ת צ״צ או״ח ג, ו.

To be continued… with the carrots of Reb Zalman Shimon Dvorkin OH. 😀.

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